ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species that may cause irreversible tissue damage, and play a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that acts as a ROS scavenger with cardio-protective effects. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of H2S against H2O2-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were treated with H2S (100 μM) 24 h before challenging with H2O2 (100 μM). Apoptosis was then assessed by annexin V and PI, and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using a fluorescent probe, JC-1. Our results revealed that H2S improved cell viability, reduced the apoptotic rate, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. An increased Bcl-2 to Bax ratio was also seen in myocytes treated with H2S after H2O2-induced stress. Our findings indicated a therapeutic potential for H2S in preventing myocyte death following ischemia/reperfusion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Apoptosis/drug effects , Myoblasts, Cardiac/drug effects , Hydrogen Peroxide , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Reference Values , Sulfides/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Blotting, Western , Reproducibility of Results , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Apoptosis/physiology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Myoblasts, Cardiac/metabolism , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , Flow Cytometry/methods , Hydrogen Sulfide/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and evidence indicates a correlation between the inflammatory process and cardiac dysfunction. Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme are not recommended for long-term use because of potentially severe side effects to the heart. Considering this and the frequent prescribing of commercial celecoxib, the present study analyzed cellular and molecular effects of 1 and 10 µM celecoxib in a cell culture model. After a 24-h incubation, celecoxib reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner as also demonstrated in MTT assays. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the drug modulated the expression level of genes related to death pathways, and Western blot analyses demonstrated a modulatory effect of the drug on COX-2 protein levels in cardiac cells. In addition, the results demonstrated a downregulation of prostaglandin E2 production by the cardiac cells incubated with celecoxib, in a dose-specific manner. These results are consistent with the decrease in cell viability and the presence of necrotic processes shown by Fourier transform infrared analysis, suggesting a direct correlation of prostanoids in cellular homeostasis and survival.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , /pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Myoblasts, Cardiac/drug effects , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cell Survival/genetics , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gene Expression Regulation/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound possessing interesting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has the ability to induce the defensive protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The objective of this study was to investigate whether curcumin protects against cold storage-mediated damage of human adult atrial myoblast cells (Girardi cells) and to assess the potential involvement of HO-1 in this process. Girardi cells were exposed to either normothermic or hypothermic conditions in Celsior preservation solution in the presence or absence of curcumin. HO-1 protein expression and heme oxygenase activity as well as cellular damage were assessed after cold storage or cold storage followed by re-warming. In additional experiments, an inhibitor of heme oxygenase activity (tin protoporphyrin IX, micrometer) or siRNA for HO-1 were used to investigate the participation of HO-1 as a mediator of curcumin- induced effects. Treatment with curcumin produced a marked induction of cardiac HO-1 in normothermic condition but cells were less responsive to the polyphenolic compound at low temperature. Cold storage-induced damage was markedly reduced in the presence of curcumin and HO-1 contributed to some extent to this effect. Thus, curcumin added to Celsior preservation solution effectively prevents the damage caused by cold- storage; this effect involves the protective enzyme HO-1 but also other not yet identified mechanisms.